Medical potential seen in hot-dog preservative
Published: September 6, 2005
Could the salt that preserves hot dogs also preserve your health?
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health think so. They have begun infusing sodium nitrite into volunteers in hopes that it could prove a cheap but potent treatment for sickle-cell anemia, heart attacks, brain aneurysms, even an illness that suffocates babies.
Those ailments have something in common: They hinge on problems with low oxygen, problems that the government’s research suggests nitrite can ease.
Beyond repairing the reputation of this often maligned meat preservative, the work promises to rewrite scientific dogma about how blood flows, and how the body tries to protect itself when that flow is blocked. Indeed, nitrite seems to guard tissues - in the heart, the lungs, the brain - against cellular death when they become starved of oxygen.
It doesn’t mean that artery-clogging hot dogs are healthy.
But the NIH researchers have filed for new patents on this old, overlooked chemical and are looking for a major pharmaceutical company to help develop it as a therapy - even as doctors await the enrollment of sick patients into research studies in coming months. The scientists are so convinced of nitrite’s promise that lead researcher Dr. Mark T. Gladwin says that the government will pursue drug development on its own if necessary.
“We are turning organs into hot dogs,” Gladwin joked. Then he turned serious: “We think we stumbled into an innate protection mechanism.”
If it works, “this drug would be pennies to dollars per day,” says Dr. Christian Hunter of California’s Loma Linda University. By January, Hunter hopes to begin studies of nitrite treatment for babies with pulmonary hypertension, an often fatal disease. “It’s so easy to use.”
Gladwin and an NIH cardiologist, Dr. Richard Cannon III, discovered nitrite’s effect by accident while studying a related compound, nitric oxide, long known to improve blood flow by dilating blood vessels, but difficult to use as a drug.
Gladwin and Cannon injected sodium nitrite into healthy volunteers. Tiny doses almost tripled blood flow. Moreover, when people exercised, nitrite levels plummeted in the muscles being worked - the body was using it.
The researchers were stunned. For 100 years, scientists thought nitrite had little medical relevance.
The low levels that naturally occur in the human body were thought to be inert, unimportant. Not anymore.
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